MAGICAL TRADITIONS DERIVED FROM THE QUIMBANDA RELIGION

 MAGICAL TRADITIONS DERIVED FROM THE QUIMBANDA RELIGION

The sacred journey of the Congolese religious traditions and magical beliefs which began long before the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade of the 1500's is one of epic proportions as it relates to the present day magical practices as found and practiced in Brazil, the Caribbean and the United States. Early anthropological and historical evidence suggest that the magical practices which presently exists and are popularized today in the Caribbean and the New World we deeply influenced by direct contact of the Congolese Gnostic Quimbanda religious practices and beliefs. The Quimbanda religious traditions were carried over to Brazil not only by Congolese people who would work the Portuguese sugar cane and coffee plantations, but also by Sephardic Jews who were practicing an ancient magical tradition known as the Kabbalah. The Sephardic Jews were working as merchants in trade centers of Northern Africa and also along the trade routes along the Congo River in the Africa Congo. In fact, evidence of Gnostic beliefs can be found in the first established Jewish Sephardic Temples known as Synagogues in Brazil. A Synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. Synagogues are consecrated spaces that can be used only for the purpose of prayer. The first synagogue of the western hemisphere was established in Brazil in the 1500's. In Brazil, the Portuguese Jews call the synagogue an esnoga. It was within these Jewish mystic centers that many of the Gnostic magical beliefs associated with the magical biblical tradition of the Kaballah started intermingling with the Gnostic religious beliefs of the Congolese and as a result, the Quimbanda religious tradition started to take on a unique form of New World magical religious tradition and that would emerge as an independent magical religious belief some 500 years later. Many of the Sephardic Jewish Mystics who traveled to the New World did so to escape political and religious tensions which began happening in Europe in the 1500's in a time known as the "Inquisition". The major targets of the Portuguese Inquisition were those who had converted from Judaism to Catholicism, the Conversos, also known as New Christians or Marranos, who were suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Many of these were originally Spanish Jews, who had left Spain for Portugal. As in Spain, the Inquisition was subject to the authority of the King. It was headed by a Grand Inquisitor or General Inquisitor, named by the Pope but selected by the king, always from within the royal family. The Grand Inquisitor would later nominate other inquisitors. In Portugal, the first Grand Inquisitor was Cardinal Henry, who would later become king. There were Courts of the Inquisition in Lisbon, Coimbra, and Évora, and for a short time (1541 until c. 1547) also in Porto, Tomar and Lamego. It held its first auto-da-fé in Portugal in 1540. Like the Spanish Inquisition, it concentrated its efforts on rooting out those who had converted from other faiths (overwhelmingly Judaism) but did not adhere to the strictures of Catholic orthodoxy. The Portuguese Inquisition expanded its scope of operations from Portugal to Portugal's colonial possessions, including Brazil, Cape Verde, and Goa, where it continued investigating and trying cases based on supposed breaches of orthodox Roman Catholicism until 1821. Under João III, the activity of the courts was extended to the censure of books, as well as undertaking cases of divination, witchcraft and bigamy. Originally aimed at religious matters, the Inquisition had an influence on almost every aspect of Portuguese life - political, cultural, and social. During the Inquisition, many of the Sephardic Jewish Mystics fled to other parts of the New World along with their mystical magical beliefs. In each of the places that the Sephardic Jewish Mystics traveled to and established their homes, they brought with them many of the magical mystic teachings of the Afro-Brazilian Quimbanda religious tradition. As these Sephardic Jewish Mystics began interacting with the religious traditions of the African peoples who had been brought to work as slaves in the British colonies, the French colonies and the Spanish colonies, the Afro-Brazilian Quimbanda religious tradition started to influrnce the ancient practices of these African slave populations who had been brought to work as slaves on the sugar cane and coffee plantations. The African slave population in the New World consisted of various African peoples from various African Tribes and each with their own religious and magical traditions eventually forming the following magical traditions as we know them to be in this present day. In the West Indies and the Island of Jamaica the Afro-Brazilian religious tradition merged with various African traditions and Christian traditions from the Angelican Church and became known as Obeah. The magical tradition of Obeah would eventually spread to the country of Belize among the Garufuno people where it is alos known as Obeah. The Obeah tradition would eventuually spread to the countries of Guatemala, Cuatemaco, Mexico, Nicaragua and Honduras along the "Misquito Coast" in a region known as Blue Fields. The Afro-Brazilian religious tradition also traveled to the Island of Trinidad where it became known as the cult of the "Shango Baptist". The Afro-Brazilian religious tradition also traveled to the Island country of Haiti and the Domincan Republic. In Haiti it mixed with the French traditions of the Catholic Church and became known as Voudoun. In the Domincan Republic it mixed with the Spanish Traditions and French religious traditions became known as the 21 Divisions. The Afro-Brazilian religious tradition also traveled to the Island country of Cuba. The magical mysteries of the Afro-Cuban traditions of Palo Mayombe, Palo Monte and Kimbisa are the direct result of the Afro-Brazilian Quimbanda religious experience of enlightenment. The Afro-Brazilian religious tradition also found its way to the American city of New Orleans where it merged with various African traditions and Christian traditions The magical mysteires of the American Voodoo and American Hoodoo traditions are both a direct result of the Quimbanda experience of enlightenement. In the early 19th century, the mysteries of the modern day Quimbanda religion was brought to the United States from Brazil in its original form in the late 1800’s to the early 1900's to New Bedford, Massachusetts by the De Bourbon-Montenegro Family.

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